How data brokers find and sell your personal info

It’s no secret that your personal data is sold to hundreds of marketers and online companies.

Your  data is valuable to businesses. They would love to discover where you shop online, what Facebook pages you like, and how much you spend on your home. That's why data brokers are in business.

Data brokers are companies that collect information about you and then sell that data to others, usually companies or individuals. The information that data brokers collect can be extensive, everything from your birthdate and addresses to your job title, number of children, and even your outside interests. In many cases, you might not be aware that these data brokers are nabbing your personal information.

What are data brokers?

Data brokers either collect information on individuals or purchase it from other companies. There's a reason these companies exist: The business of selling data is a lucrative one. According to WebFX, there were more than 4,000 data brokerage companies operating across the globe. 

WebFX gives an example of how active these companies can be: The data brokerage Acxiom, which ranks as one of the largest in the industry, collects data on 500 million consumers. It collects up to 1,500 different pieces of information per person. 

What types of information do data brokers collect?

Think of anything a company would want to know about you to help sell you products or services. This is the kind of information data brokers collect on you. 
For example - Data brokers might know how many children you have and their ages. They might know when you got married or, if things went bad, when you filed for divorce. Your income, gender, and home address are all pieces of information that data brokers collect.

But that's just the beginning. Say you spend a lot of time playing online video games. Data brokers might compile your favourite games or your favourite category of games, and then sell that information to companies hoping to sell you their own video adventures. If you collect baseball cards, a data brokerage firm will want to know. If you prefer one brand of dishwashing detergent over others, data brokers might know this, too, and will be happy to let companies know. 

How do data brokers get your information?

You might be surprised of how much of your personal information is freely available to the companies that want it. Data broker companies don't need to work overly hard to find your data.

Data brokers collect much of their information from public records. This includes court records, motor vehicle records, Census data, birth certificates, marriage licenses, voter registration information, bankruptcy records, and divorce records.

Brokers also either collect or purchase data from credit card providers and retailers. This includes such information as the amount of money you owe on your department store credit card, the type of coupons you tend to use, and the items you've purchased in the past after swiping a store’s loyalty card.

If you spend a lot of time on social media or in the online world, you're giving data brokers even more information about you. Data brokers might nab personal information from the posts you've made or ‘liked’ online, online quizzes you've taken, online sweepstakes you've entered, and the websites you've visited.

How is your information used?

Selling your information hasn’t proved too difficult for data brokers. That’s because these companies have plenty of potential customers eager to purchase your information.

Some of these buyers will use your information to create online ads that are targeted specifically to you. Others will use it to determine how likely it is that you’ll default on a personal loan. Still others might use it to determine how likely it is that you will file an insurance claim or get into an auto accident.

Marketing and advertising

Have you ever been browsing the web only to see a banner ad for a product you already buy? Often, that same advertisement  for laundry pods pops up when your current supply is almost depleted. Data brokers might be behind this.

Businesses purchase your shopping and spending information. Data brokers can often tell them what brand of laundry soap you’ve bought in the past and when you purchased it. This allows companies to send ads timed to when you might need pods.

It’s not surprising, then, that businesses make up some of the most active customers of  data brokers.

Fraud detection

Some businesses aren't after your information purely for advertising or marketing purposes. Some use it for fraud detection.

Maybe you applied for an auto loan. Your lender might check the information you provided on your application against the numbers that data brokers dig up on you. This can help lenders determine that the information you provided regarding income, debts, and salary isn't fraudulent.

Loan offers

Mortgage lenders, banks and credit companies are all interested in the amount of money you already owe, the loans you’ve already paid down, payments you’ve missed, income, job history, and the homes and cars you own. They might also be interested in what websites you’re visiting.

Why? If you have a mortgage loan with a high interest rate, a mortgage lender might want to entice you to refinance to a new loan with a lower rate. If you’ve visited online car dealerships, a lender might be interested in sending you online ads promoting their own auto loan products.

Or maybe you’re online shopping for the lowest credit card rates. Credit card companies would love to know that you’re in the market for a new card. They can then send you advertising, either online or by traditional mail.

People-search sites

People-search sites allow you to enter the name of any person and — usually for a fee — receive their phone numbers, addresses, age, birthdate, former addresses, and other information. Many data brokers gather this information from public records and sell it to these sites.

Is data brokering legal?

Data brokers aren't acting illegally if they are using public records to get the information they sell. Data protection in India is governed by ITAA, Information technology Amended Act, 2008 and there is some encouraging talk of brining a data protection bill into legislation.

It is very important to raise awareness for new generation around the data protection and privacy norms.

How can I help protect my personal information from data brokers?

Data can be easily scraped from websites with poor security policies. It has been observed that there are clones of popular shopping sites. You can't completely make yourself invisible to data brokers. But there are steps you can take to at least reduce the amount of information they can collect on you.

• You can also register with the National Do Not Call Registry to protect yourself from telemarketers.
• You can pay private companies to keep your information away from data brokers. These services aren't free, though, and could cost you hundreds of dollars a year.
• You can contact data brokers directly to opt out of their information mining services. Finding these can be a challenge. You need to go to each data broker, create an account and place a request to delete your data.
• You can also adjust your online behaviour to help protect yourself from data brokers. Don’t post personal information on social media. Don’t answer online quizzes, and don’t enter online sweepstakes. These sites all provide valuable information to data brokers.
• You can also sign up for a VPN, or virtual private network. When you connect to the internet through a VPN, your IP address is hidden. VPNs also encrypt your data as you browse the internet, meaning that your online activity is hidden from snoops, including data brokers. Just make sure your VPN doesn’t sell your data to others. It’s sometimes best to avoid free VPNs and instead work with those that charge you.
  
• If you want to remain anonymous while surfing the web, you can connect to the Internet with the Tor browser. This browser will help keep your online activity hidden from others. The downside? Browsing the internet with Tor can be a slower experience.